Ƙarfin da aka adana a cikin capacitor yana cikin nau'in makamashin filin lantarki.

Ajiye makamashi a cikin capacitors: nazarin mai ɗauka da aikace-aikacen makamashin filin lantarki
A matsayin jigon ajiyar makamashi a cikin da'irori na lantarki, capacitors suna adana makamashi a cikin nau'in makamashin filin lantarki. Lokacin da aka haɗa faranti biyu na capacitor zuwa tushen wutar lantarki, caji mai kyau da mara kyau suna taruwa akan faranti guda biyu a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin filin lantarki, suna haifar da bambanci mai yuwuwa da kafa ingantaccen filin lantarki a cikin dielectric tsakanin faranti. Wannan tsari ya bi ka'idar kiyaye makamashi. Tarin cajin yana buƙatar aiki don shawo kan ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kuma a ƙarshe yana adana makamashi a cikin hanyar lantarki. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi na capacitor ta hanyar dabara E=21CV2, inda C shine capacitance kuma V shine ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin faranti.

Halaye masu ƙarfi na makamashin filin lantarki

Ba kamar batura na gargajiya waɗanda ke dogara da makamashin sinadarai ba, ajiyar makamashi na capacitors gaba ɗaya ya dogara ne akan aikin filayen lantarki na zahiri. Alal misali, electrolyticcapacitorsadana makamashi ta hanyar tasirin polarization na fim ɗin oxide tsakanin faranti da electrolyte, wanda ya dace da yanayin yanayin da ke buƙatar caji da sauri da fitarwa, kamar tace wutar lantarki. Supercapacitors (irin su capacitors biyu-Layer) suna samar da tsari mai nau'i biyu ta hanyar mu'amala tsakanin carbon electrode da aka kunna da na'urar lantarki, yana inganta haɓakar adadin kuzari sosai. Ka'idojinsa sun kasu kashi biyu:

Ma'ajiyar makamashi mai Layer biyu: Ana ƙara caji akan farfajiyar lantarki ta wutar lantarki mai tsayi, ba tare da halayen sinadarai ba, kuma suna da caji mai sauri da saurin fitarwa.

Faraday pseudocapacitor: Yana amfani da saurin redox halayen kayan kamar ruthenium oxide don adana caji, tare da duka yawan ƙarfin kuzari da ƙarfin ƙarfi.

Bambancin sakin makamashi da aikace-aikace
Lokacin da capacitor ya saki makamashi, za'a iya canza filin lantarki da sauri zuwa makamashin lantarki don tallafawa buƙatun mayar da martani mai girma. Misali, a cikin inverters na hasken rana, capacitors suna rage jujjuyawar wutar lantarki da inganta ingantaccen canjin makamashi ta hanyar tacewa da ayyukan yankewa; a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki,capacitorsinganta zaman lafiyar grid ta hanyar ramawa ga ƙarfin amsawa. Ana amfani da supercapaccitors don cikewar wutar lantarki nan take da grid na motocin lantarki saboda iyawar amsawarsu ta millisecond.

Gaban Outlook
Tare da nasarorin da aka samu a kimiyyar kayan aiki (kamar graphene electrodes), ƙarfin kuzari na capacitors yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma yanayin aikace-aikacen su yana faɗaɗa daga na'urorin lantarki na gargajiya zuwa filayen yankan kamar sabbin makamashin makamashi da grid mai wayo. Ingantacciyar amfani da makamashin filin lantarki ba kawai ya haɓaka ci gaban fasaha ba, har ma ya zama wani ɓangare na canjin makamashi.