Capacitor wani bangaren lantarki ne da ake amfani da shi don adana makamashin lantarki. Ya ƙunshi faranti guda biyu waɗanda ke raba su da abin rufe fuska mai suna ** dielectric **. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki a kan capacitor, ana ƙirƙirar filin lantarki tsakanin faranti, wanda zai ba da damar damar adana makamashi.
Yadda Capacitor ke Aiki
1. Cajin:
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki a kan tashoshin capacitor, cajin yana taruwa akan faranti. Ɗayan faranti yana tattara tabbataccen caji, yayin da ɗayan yana karɓar caji mara kyau. Abubuwan dielectric tsakanin faranti suna hana cajin daga gudana kai tsaye ta hanyar, adana makamashi a cikin filin lantarki da aka halitta. Ana ci gaba da yin caji har sai ƙarfin lantarkin da ke kan capacitor ya yi daidai da ƙarfin lantarki da ake amfani da shi.
2. Fitar:
Lokacin da aka haɗa capacitor zuwa da'ira, cajin da aka adana yana gudana baya ta cikin kewaye, yana haifar da halin yanzu. Wannan yana fitar da kuzarin da aka adana zuwa nauyin kewayawa har sai cajin ya ƙare.
Mabuɗin Halayen Capacitors
- Capacitance:
Ikon capacitor don adana caji ana kiransa capacitance, wanda aka auna da farads (F). Mafi girma capacitance yana nufincapacitorzai iya adana ƙarin caji. Capacitance yana rinjayar tasirin sararin samaniya na faranti, nisa tsakanin su, da kaddarorin dielectric abu.
- Ajiye Makamashi:
Capacitors suna aiki kamar na'urorin ajiya na wucin gadi don ƙarfin lantarki, kama da batura amma an ƙirƙira don amfani na ɗan lokaci. Suna tafiyar da saurin canje-canje a cikin wutar lantarki da kuma sassaukar da sauye-sauye, suna ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen aikin da'ira.
- Juriyar Juriya na Yanzu da Daidaitawa (ESR):
Capacitors suna samun asarar kuzari yayin zagayowar caji da fitarwa. Leakage halin yanzu yana nufin jinkirin asarar caji ta hanyar dielectric abu koda ba tare da kaya ba. ESR shine juriya na ciki wanda kayan da ke cikin capacitor ke haifar da shi, yana shafar ingancin sa.
Ayyukan Ayyuka na Capacitors
- Tace:
A cikin samar da wutar lantarki, capacitors suna aiki azaman masu tacewa don sassauta juzu'in wutar lantarki da kawar da hayaniyar da ba'a so, tabbatar da ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki.
- Haɗawa da Gyara:
A cikin watsa sigina, ana amfani da capacitors don wuce siginar AC yayin toshewaAbubuwan DC, hana DC motsi daga rinjayar da kewaye aiki.
- Ajiye Makamashi:
Capacitors suna adanawa da sakin kuzari cikin sauri, yana mai da su amfani a aikace-aikace kamar fitilun kyamara, kayan aikin wuta, da sauran na'urori waɗanda ke buƙatar ɗan gajeren fashe na yanzu.
Takaitawa
Capacitors suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin da'irori na lantarki ta hanyar adanawa da sakin makamashin lantarki. Suna taimakawa wajen daidaita wutar lantarki, adana makamashi, da sarrafa sigina. Zaɓin nau'i mai dacewa da ƙayyadaddun capacitor yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da aiki da amincin hanyoyin lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-11-2024