I. Matsalolin Aikace-aikace na ESR mai ƙarancin ƙarfi (≤3mΩ) a cikin VRMs na sabar AI
Babban Tambaya ta 1: Wutar lantarki ta CPU ɗinmu ba ta da wani tasiri na ɗan lokaci; ma'auni suna nuna raguwar ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa. Shin VRM ESR na capacitor ɗin fitarwa ya yi yawa? Akwai wasu capacitors masu ESR ƙasa da milliohms 4 da aka ba da shawarar?
Q1:
Tambaya: Lokacin da muke gyara matsalar VRM na wutar lantarki ta CPU na uwar garken AI, mun fuskanci matsala ta raguwar ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa a cikin zuciyarmu. Mun yi ƙoƙarin inganta tsarin PCB da ƙara yawan capacitors na fitarwa, amma gangaren fitarwa da aka auna da oscilloscope har yanzu bai gamsar ba, wanda hakan ya sa muke zargin cewa ESR na capacitor ya yi yawa. Don wannan nau'in aikace-aikacen, ta yaya za mu iya auna ko kimanta ainihin ESR na capacitor a cikin da'irar daidai? Bayan ambaton takardar bayanai, waɗanne hanyoyi ne masu amfani ake da su don tabbatarwa a kan jirgin?
Amsa: Ga irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen da ke da babban aiki, muna ba da shawarar amfani da capacitors masu ƙarfi da yawa tare da halayen ESR masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, kamar jerin YMIN MPS, waɗanda ESR ɗinsu zai iya zama ƙasa da ≤3mΩ (@100kHz), daidai da ƙa'idodin masu fafatawa a Japan masu ƙarfi. A lokacin tabbatarwa a kan jirgin, ana iya lura da saurin dawo da ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen matakan lodi, ko kuma ana iya auna lanƙwasa impedance ta amfani da na'urar nazarin hanyar sadarwa. Bayan maye gurbin waɗannan capacitors, yawanci ba lallai ba ne a sake tsara madaurin diyya, amma ana ba da shawarar gwajin amsawa na ɗan lokaci don tabbatar da tasirin haɓakawa.
Q2:
Tambaya: Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na GPU ɗinmu yana fuskantar raguwar ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa a ƙarƙashin gwajin muhalli mai zafi. Hoton zafi ya nuna cewa zafin yankin capacitor ya wuce 85°C. Bincike ya nuna cewa ESR yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mai kyau. Lokacin da ake kimanta aikin capacitors mai zafi, ban da ƙimar ESR a cikin takardar bayanai, shin ya kamata mu kuma kula da lanƙwasa na ESR a kan dukkan kewayon zafin jiki? Gabaɗaya, waɗanne kayayyaki ko tsari ne ke haifar da ƙarancin raguwar zafin jiki ga capacitors?
Amsa: Damuwarka tana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Hakika yana da mahimmanci a kula da daidaiton ESR na capacitor a duk faɗin zafin jiki (-55°C zuwa 105°C). Masu ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin kuzari (kamar jerin YMIN MPS) sun yi fice a wannan fanni, suna nuna canji a hankali a ESR a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Misali, ƙaruwar ESR a 85℃ idan aka kwatanta da 25℃ za a iya sarrafa ta cikin 15%, godiya ga tsarin electrolyte mai ƙarfi da tsarin su mai yawa, wanda hakan ya sa suka dace da yanayin zafi mai yawa, aminci kamar sabar AI.
Q3:
Tambaya: Saboda ƙarancin sararin shimfidar PCB, ba za mu iya rage ESR gaba ɗaya ta hanyar haɗa capacitors da yawa a layi ɗaya ba. A halin yanzu, ESR na capacitor ɗaya yana kusa da 5mΩ, amma amsawar wucin gadi har yanzu ba ta da inganci. Mun ga capacitors masu ƙarfin aiki ɗaya a kasuwa suna da'awar ESR ƙasa da 3mΩ. Menene halayen impedance na waɗannan capacitors masu ƙarfi da yawa a manyan mitoci (misali, sama da 1MHz)? Shin tasirin tacewa mai yawa zai lalace saboda tsarin daban-daban?
Amsa: Wannan abin damuwa ne gama gari. Manyan na'urori masu ƙarfi na ESR masu ƙarancin inganci (kamar jerin YMIN MPS) na iya cimma ƙarancin ESR da ƙarancin ESL (daidaitaccen tsarin inductance) ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin lantarki na ciki. Saboda haka, yana kiyaye ƙarancin impedance a cikin kewayon mitar 1MHz zuwa 10MHz, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen tace hayaniya mai yawan mita. Lanƙwasa mitar impedance ɗinsa yawanci yana haɗuwa da na samfuran da aka yi kama da su daga manyan samfuran ƙasashen duniya, ba tare da shafar ƙirar ƙarfin lantarki (PI) ba.
Q4:
Tambaya: A cikin tsarin VRM mai matakai da yawa, mun gano rashin daidaiton halin yanzu a kowane mataki, muna zargin alaƙa da daidaiton sigogin ESR na capacitors na fitarwa na kowane mataki. Ko da amfani da capacitors daga rukuni ɗaya, haɓakawa yana da iyaka. Ga ƙirar samar da wutar lantarki ta uwar garken AI da ke nufin aiki mai tsanani, wane matakin daidaiton ESR da watsawa ya kamata capacitors su cimma yawanci? Shin masana'antun suna ba da bayanan rarraba ƙididdiga masu dacewa?
Amsa: Tambayarka ta ta'allaka ne akan tushen amincin samar da taro. Ya kamata masana'antun capacitor masu aiki mai kyau su sami damar sarrafa daidaiton ESR sosai. Misali, jerin MPS na ymin, ta hanyar tsarin samarwa mai sarrafa kansa, na iya sarrafa watsawar ESR ta ƙayyadaddun tsari a cikin ±10% kuma yana ba da cikakkun rahotannin ƙididdiga na sigogin tsari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga ƙirar samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi na CPU/GPU waɗanda ke buƙatar raba wutar lantarki mai matakai da yawa.
Q5:
Tambaya: Bayan amfani da na'urorin nazarin hanyoyin sadarwa masu tsada, shin akwai hanyoyi mafi sauƙi a fagen don kimanta ESR da saurin fitarwa na capacitors ta hanyar inganci ko rabin adadi? Mun yi ƙoƙarin amfani da kayan lantarki don gwajin matakai, amma ta yaya za mu iya cire sigogi masu inganci daga yanayin raguwar ƙarfin lantarki da aka auna don kwatanta aikin capacitors daban-daban?
Amsa: Eh, gwajin matakan kaya hanya ce mai kyau. Za ku iya mai da hankali kan sigogi biyu: matsakaicin raguwar ƙarfin lantarki (ΔV) da lokacin da ake buƙata don ƙarfin lantarki ya dawo zuwa ƙimar da ta dace. Ƙaramin ΔV da ɗan gajeren lokacin dawowa yawanci yana nufin ƙarancin ESR daidai da sauri da kuma saurin amsawar cibiyar sadarwar capacitor. Wasu manyan masu samar da capacitor (kamar ymin) suna ba da cikakkun bayanai na aikace-aikace don shiryar da ku kan yadda ake saita gwaje-gwaje da fassara bayanai, ta haka ne ke ƙididdige ci gaban da capacitors ESR masu ƙarancin ƙarfi suka kawo kamar jerin MPS.
II. Matsalolin Kula da Zafi Game da Babban Ripple Currency da Daidaiton Zafi Mai Girma
Babban Tambaya ta 2: Bayan na'urar ta yi aiki na dogon lokaci, na'urorin za su yi zafi sosai, kuma yanayin zafi na yanayi ma yana da yawa. Ina damuwa cewa za su lalace nan gaba. Shin akwai wasu na'urori masu ƙarfin 560μF waɗanda ke da ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 105℃? Ƙarfin aiki ma yana da mahimmanci.
T6:
Tambaya: Lokacin da uwar garken AI ɗinmu ke aiki a cikakken nauyi, zafin da aka auna na yankin capacitor a cikin da'irar samar da wutar lantarki ta GPU ya kai sama da 90°C. Lissafi suna nuna buƙatar wutar lantarki ta kusan 8.5A, amma ƙimar wutar lantarki ta capacitors da ke akwai bai isa ba sosai a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Ta yaya ya kamata mu fassara ƙimar wutar lantarki ta ripple a cikin takardar bayanai lokacin zaɓar capacitors? Misali, ga capacitor mai lakabin "10.2A @ 45°C", nawa ne ainihin wutar lantarki da ake amfani da ita za a yi amfani da ita a yanayin zafi na 85°C?
Amsa: Ripple current derating yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga ƙirar zafin jiki mai yawa. Takardun bayanai yawanci suna ba da lanƙwasa na derating current mai zafi-ripple. Idan aka ɗauki jerin YMIN MPS a matsayin misali, lambar ripple current ɗinsa mai suna 10.2A (@45°C) har yanzu yana riƙe da ingantaccen ƙarfin ≥8.2A bayan derating a yanayin zafi na 85°C, raguwar kusan 20%, godiya ga ƙarancin asara da kyakkyawan ƙirar zafi. Zaɓar wannan nau'in capacitor yana tabbatar da aiki mai kyau a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi.
Q7:
Tambaya: Mun yi nasarar rage hauhawar zafin capacitor ta hanyar ƙara kauri foil ɗin jan ƙarfe na PCB daga 1oz zuwa 2oz, amma tasirin bai kasance kamar yadda aka zata ba. Ga capacitors waɗanda ke buƙatar jure wa kwararar ruwa sama da 10A, ban da kauri na jan ƙarfe, waɗanne abubuwa ne ke shafar zafin aikinsu na ƙarshe? Akwai wasu jagororin ƙira da aka ba da shawarar?
Amsa: Tsarin PCB yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Baya ga kauri foil ɗin jan ƙarfe, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da gajerun hanyoyin wutar lantarki da kuma rage juriyar madauki. Ga manyan capacitors kamar jerin YMIN MPS, ana ba da shawarar a sanya jerin hanyoyin zafi a kusa da faifan capacitor (ba kai tsaye a ƙasa ba) sannan a haɗa su da filin ƙasa na ciki don watsa zafi. Bayan waɗannan jagororin ƙira, tare da ƙarancin ESR na capacitor na 3mΩ, ana iya sarrafa hauhawar zafin jiki na yau da kullun a cikin 15°C, wanda ke inganta aminci sosai.
Q8:
Tambaya: A cikin VRM mai matakai da yawa, koda kuwa tare da sanya capacitor iri ɗaya, zafin capacitor a tsakiyar matakin har yanzu yana da 5-8°C sama da na gefe, wanda wataƙila ya faru ne saboda rashin daidaiton iska da tsarin aiki. A wannan yanayin, akwai wasu tsare-tsaren capacitor da aka yi niyya ko dabarun zaɓi don daidaita matsin lamba na zafi na kowane mataki? Amsa: Wannan matsala ce ta yau da kullun ta watsar da zafi mara daidaito. Wata dabara ita ce amfani da capacitors tare da ƙimar wutar lantarki mafi girma a tsakiyar matakin ko wuraren zafi, ko haɗa capacitors guda biyu a layi ɗaya a waɗannan wurare don rarraba nauyin zafi. Misali, ana iya zaɓar takamaiman samfurin Irip mai girma daga jerin YMIN MPS don ƙarfafawa na gida ba tare da canza ƙarfin capacitor gaba ɗaya ba, don haka inganta rarrabawar zafi na tsarin ba tare da ƙira mai yawa ba.
Q9:
Tambaya: A cikin gwaje-gwajenmu na juriya mai zafi, mun gano cewa ƙarfin wasu capacitors ya nuna raguwar da za a iya aunawa tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki da aiki mai tsawo (misali, raguwar da ta wuce 10% a 105°C). Ga kayayyakin wutar lantarki na uwar garken AI waɗanda ke buƙatar kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci, ta yaya ya kamata a yi la'akari da halayen zafin jiki na capacitance da kwanciyar hankali na capacitance na dogon lokaci na capacitors? Wane nau'in capacitor yana aiki mafi kyau a wannan fanni?
Amsa: Kwanciyar hankali na ƙarfin lantarki babban alama ne na aminci na tsawon rai. Masu ƙarfin lantarki na ƙarfin lantarki, musamman nau'ikan layuka masu aiki da yawa, suna da fa'ida a wannan fanni. Misali, jerin MPS na ymin yana amfani da wani sinadari na musamman na polymer electrolyte, wanda bambancin ƙarfin lantarkinsa za a iya sarrafa shi cikin ±10% a duk faɗin zafin jiki (-55℃ zuwa 105℃). Bugu da ƙari, bayan awanni 2000 na aiki mai ci gaba a 105°C, ruɓewar ƙarfin lantarki yawanci ƙasa da 5%, wanda ya fi ƙarfin ruwa ko ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun.
Q10:
Tambaya: Domin sarrafa hauhawar zafin capacitor a matakin tsarin, muna shirin gabatar da kwaikwayon zafi. Waɗanne muhimman sigogi (misali, juriyar zafi Rth) muke buƙatar samu daga mai samar da kayayyaki don gina ingantaccen samfurin zafin capacitor? Ta yaya ake auna waɗannan sigogin akai-akai, kuma an tanadar su azaman ma'auni a cikin takardar bayanai?
Amsa: Daidaitaccen kwaikwayon zafi yana buƙatar ma'aunin juriyar zafi ta mahaɗin capacitor (Rth-ja). Masana'antun capacitor masu suna za su samar da wannan bayanan. Misali, ymin yana ba da sigogin juriyar zafi bisa ga yanayin gwaji na JESD51 na daidaitattun capacitors na jerin MPS, kuma yana iya haɗawa da lanƙwasa na tunani game da hauhawar zafin jiki don shimfidar PCB daban-daban. Wannan yana taimaka wa injiniyoyi sosai wajen hango da inganta aikin zafi na tsarin a farkon matakan ƙira.
III. Matsalolin Tabbatarwa Game da Tsawon Rai da Babban Aminci
Babban Tambaya ta 3: An ƙera kayan aikinmu na tsawon shekaru sama da 5, amma ana kiyasta cewa capacitors na yanzu za su lalace cikin shekaru 3. Shin akwai capacitors masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke da tsawon rai waɗanda za su iya tabbatar da sama da sa'o'i 2000 a zafin jiki na 105°C?
Q11:
Tambaya: An tsara uwar garkenmu na AI na tsawon shekaru 5 na aiki ba tare da katsewa ba. Idan aka yi la'akari da yanayin zafin ɗakin uwar garken na 35°C, ana sa ran zafin tsakiyar capacitor zai kasance kusan 85°C. Ta yaya za a canza sakamakon gwajin tsawon rai na "awa 2000 @ 105°C" wanda aka saba samu a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai zuwa tsawon rai da ake tsammani a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na ainihi? Akwai wasu samfuran hanzari da dabarun lissafi da aka yarda da su a duk duniya?
Amsa: Ana amfani da samfurin Arrhenius yawanci don canza tsawon rai; ga kowace raguwar zafin jiki na 10°C, tsawon rayuwar yana ninka kusan ninki biyu. Duk da haka, ainihin lissafin dole ne kuma a yi la'akari da matsin lamba na yanzu. Wasu masu siyarwa suna ba da kayan aikin lissafin tsawon rai ta yanar gizo. Idan aka ɗauki jerin YMIN MPS a matsayin misali, an gudanar da gwajin sa'o'i 2000 @105°C a ƙarƙashin yanayin cikakken kaya. An canza shi zuwa 85°C kuma idan aka yi la'akari da ainihin matsin lamba na aiki bayan cirewa, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwarsa ya wuce buƙatun shekaru 5, kuma an bayar da cikakkun ƙididdiga.
Q12:
Tambaya: A cikin gwaje-gwajen tsufa na zafin jiki mai tsanani da muka gudanar da kanmu, mun gano cewa wasu capacitors sun fuskanci karuwar ESR fiye da 30% bayan awanni 1500. Ga capacitors masu tsawon rai, waɗanne muhimman bayanai ne suka shafi lalacewar aiki (kamar ƙaruwar ESR da canjin ƙarfin aiki) ya kamata a haɗa su a cikin rahoton gwajin tsawon rai? Wane kewayon lalacewa za a iya ɗauka a matsayin abin karɓa?
Amsa: Rahoton gwajin tsawon rai mai tsauri ya kamata ya rubuta yanayin gwajin a sarari (zafin jiki, ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin ripple current) da kuma auna ESR da canje-canjen ƙarfin lokaci-lokaci. Don aikace-aikacen high-end, gabaɗaya ana buƙatar bayan sa'o'i 2000 na gwajin full-load mai zafi, ƙaruwar ESR bai kamata ta wuce 10% ba, kuma raguwar capacitance bai kamata ta wuce 5%. Misali, rahoton gwajin tsawon rai na hukuma na jerin YMIN MPS yana amfani da wannan ma'auni, yana samar da bayanai masu haske da kuma nuna daidaitonsa a ƙarƙashin mawuyacin yanayi.
Q13:
Tambaya: Sabis suna buƙatar gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na girgizar injiniya. Mun fuskanci matsaloli game da ƙananan fasawa da ke bayyana akan haɗin haɗin solder na capacitor saboda girgiza. Lokacin zaɓar capacitors, waɗanne tsarin injiniya ko takaddun shaida na gwaji ya kamata a yi la'akari da su don inganta juriyar girgiza?
Amsa: Mayar da hankali kan ko capacitor ya ci jarrabawar girgiza bisa ga ƙa'idodi kamar IEC 60068-2-6. A tsarin gini, capacitors masu ƙasan resin da ƙirar fil mai ƙarfi suna ba da juriya mai kyau ga girgiza. Misali, jerin MPS na ymin yana amfani da wannan tsarin ƙarfafawa kuma ya wuce gwaje-gwajen girgiza masu tsauri, yana tabbatar da amincin haɗi yayin jigilar sabar da aiki.
Q14:
Tambaya: Muna son gina ingantaccen tsarin hasashen ingancin capacitor, wanda ke buƙatar bayanan rarrabawar ƙimar gazawa (misali, siffa da ma'aunin rarraba Weibull). Shin masana'antun capacitor galibi suna ba da wannan cikakken bayanin aminci ga abokan ciniki?
Amsa: Eh, manyan masana'antun suna ba da cikakken bayani game da aminci. Misali, Ymin na iya samar da jerin MPS ɗinsa tare da rahotanni waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙimar ƙimar gazawa (FIT), sigogin rarraba Weibull, da kimantawar rayuwa a matakan amincewa daban-daban. Waɗannan bayanai, waɗanda suka dogara da gwaje-gwajen juriya mai yawa, suna taimaka wa abokan ciniki su gudanar da kimantawa da hasashen aminci na matakin tsarin daidai.
Q15:
Tambaya: Domin sarrafa yawan faɗuwa da wuri, mun ƙara matakin tantance tsufa mai zafi mai caji ga binciken kayanmu na shigowa. Shin masana'antun capacitor suna yin gwajin faɗuwa da wuri 100% kafin jigilar kaya? Menene yanayin tantancewa da aka saba yi, kuma yaya wannan yake da mahimmanci don tabbatar da amincin rukuni?
Amsa: Masana'antun capacitor masu inganci suna gudanar da gwajin kafin jigilar kaya 100%. Yanayin tantancewa na yau da kullun na iya haɗawa da amfani da ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima da kuma ripple current a yanayin zafi sama da zafin da aka ƙima (misali, 125°C) na fiye da awanni 24. Wannan tsari mai tsauri yana kawar da samfuran gazawar da wuri yadda ya kamata, yana rage ƙimar gazawar samfuran da ke fita zuwa ƙananan matakan (misali, <10ppm). Ymin yana amfani da wannan gwajin mai tsauri don jerin MPS ɗinsa, yana ba abokan ciniki tabbacin inganci "babu lahani".
IV. Dangane da Zaɓin Madadin Masu Ƙarfafa Ayyuka Masu Kyau
Babban Tambaya ta 4: Jerin Panasonic GX da muke amfani da shi a yanzu yana da dogon lokaci/tsada mai yawa, kuma muna buƙatar madadin cikin gida cikin gaggawa. Shin akwai wasu na'urori masu ƙarfin 2.5V 560μF masu ESR iri ɗaya, wutar lantarki mai ripple, da tsawon rai? Mafi kyau, maye gurbin kai tsaye.
Q16:
Tambaya: Saboda ƙarancin sarkar samar da kayayyaki, muna buƙatar nemo wani babban ƙarfin capacitor da aka samar a cikin gida don maye gurbin capacitor 560μF/2.5V kai tsaye daga wani babban kamfanin Japan da ake amfani da shi a ƙirarmu a halin yanzu. Bayan ƙarfin lantarki na asali, ƙarfin lantarki, ESR, da girma, waɗanne sigogi da lanƙwasa na aiki ya kamata a kwatanta su yayin tabbatar da maye gurbin kai tsaye?
Amsa: Tsarin kimantawa mai zurfi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Ya kamata a kwatanta waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa: 1) Cikakken lanƙwasa-mita na impedance (daga 100Hz zuwa 10MHz) don tabbatar da daidaiton halayen mita mai yawa; 2) Lanƙwasa-lanƙwasa-zafin halin yanzu-ripple; 3) Bayanan gwajin tsawon rai da lanƙwasa na lalacewa. Madadin da ya cancanta, kamar jerin YMIN MPS, zai samar da cikakken rahoton kwatantawa wanda ke nuna cewa yana daidai da ko ya fi na asali na Japan a cikin mahimman sigogin da ke sama, don haka ya cimma ainihin maye gurbin "plug-and-play".
Q17:
Tambaya: Bayan an yi nasarar maye gurbin capacitors, aikin tsarin ya cika ƙa'idodi da yawa, amma an lura da ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin hayaniyar ripple a cikin wutar lantarki mai sauyawa a takamaiman mitoci (misali, 1.2MHz). Me zai iya haifar da hakan? Ba tare da canza babban yanayin ba, waɗanne dabarun gyara ne galibi za a iya amfani da su don inganta wannan?
Amsa: Wannan wataƙila ya faru ne saboda bambance-bambancen da ba su da tushe a cikin halayen impedance tsakanin tsoffin capacitors da sabbin capacitors a cikin mitoci masu yawa. Dabaru na ingantawa sun haɗa da: haɗa ƙaramin capacitor na yumbu mai ƙarancin ESL a layi ɗaya da babban capacitor da ke akwai don inganta tacewa a wannan mitar; ko daidaita mitar sauyawa. Masu samar da capacitor masu suna (kamar ymin) za su ba da tallafin aikace-aikace ga samfuran su (misali, jerin MPS), gami da takamaiman shawarwari don inganta matatar fitarwa.
Q18:
Tambaya: Ana sayar da kayayyakinmu a duk duniya kuma suna da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri na muhalli (kamar RoHS 2.0, REACH). Lokacin tantance sabbin masu samar da capacitor, waɗanne takaddun shaida ne ya kamata a nema?
Amsa: Ya kamata a buƙaci masu samar da kayayyaki su samar da sabon rahoton gwajin bin ƙa'idar RoHS/REACH da wata ƙungiya mai iko ta ɓangare na uku ta bayar (kamar SGS), da kuma cikakken fom ɗin bayyana kayan aiki. Waɗannan takardu dole ne su lissafa sakamakon gwajin a sarari ga duk abubuwan da aka takaita. Masu samar da kayayyaki da aka kafa, kamar Ymin, za su iya samar da cikakkun takaddun bin ƙa'idodin muhalli waɗanda suka cika ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya don layin samfura kamar jerin MPS, don tabbatar da shigar da samfuran abokan ciniki cikin kasuwar duniya cikin sauƙi.
Q19:
Tambaya: Domin rage haɗarin sarkar samar da kayayyaki, muna shirin gabatar da mai samar da kayayyaki na biyu. Shin sabbin samfuran capacitor na mai samar da kayayyaki suna da nazarin shari'o'i masu zurfi game da amfani da yawa a cikin sabar AI na yau da kullun ko kayan aikin cibiyar bayanai? Shin za su iya samar da rahotannin tabbatarwa ko bayanan aiki daga abokan ciniki na ƙarshe a matsayin abin tunawa?
Amsa: Wannan muhimmin mataki ne na rage haɗarin gabatarwa. Mai samar da kayayyaki mai suna ya kamata ya iya bayar da nazarin shari'o'i game da amfani da yawa a cikin sanannun abokan ciniki ko ayyukan kimantawa. Misali, Ymin na iya bayar da rahotannin fasaha ko takaddun shaidar amincewa da abokin ciniki waɗanda ke nuna tabbacin aminci na dogon lokaci (kamar awanni 2000 na cikakken nauyi mai zafi, zagayowar zafin jiki, da sauransu) na capacitors jerin MPS a cikin ayyukan uwar garken AI na manyan masana'antun uwar garken da yawa, wanda ke aiki azaman amincewa mai ƙarfi na aikin samfurinsa da amincinsa.
Q20:
Tambaya: Idan aka yi la'akari da jadawalin aikin da farashin kaya, muna buƙatar tantance tabbacin iya aiki da kuma daidaiton isar da kayayyaki na sabbin masu samar da capacitor. Waɗanne muhimman bayanai ya kamata mu tattara daga masu samar da kayayyaki yayin tuntuɓar farko don tantance ƙarfin sarkar samar da kayayyaki?
Amsa: Ya kamata mu mayar da hankali kan fahimtar: 1) Ikon kowane wata/shekara don jerin samfuran da suka dace; 2) Zagayen isarwa na yau da kullun; 3) Ko suna tallafawa hasashen juyawa da yarjejeniyar wadata na dogon lokaci; 4) Manhajoji da mafi ƙarancin manufofin adadi na oda. Misali, ymin yawanci yana da isasshen iko, lokutan isarwa da ake iya faɗi (misali, makonni 8-10) don samfuran dabaru kamar jerin MPS, kuma yana iya samar da tallafin samfuri masu sassauƙa da sharuɗɗan kasuwanci don biyan buƙatun haɓaka ayyukan abokin ciniki da samar da taro.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-03-2026